Food insecurity and weight status of socially vulnerable child beneficiaries of a food assistance programme in Maceió, Northeast Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between weight status and food insecurity of children living in social vulnerability who are beneficiaries of a food assistance programme (FAP). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: From all children benefiting from the FAP in the municipality, 30 % were mapped in forty-seven distribution points. Their weight status was evaluated using BMI-for-age and food insecurity was determined with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Socio-economic data of the participants were collected using regular questionnaires. The main outcome measure was obesity. PARTICIPANTS: To be a beneficiary of the FAP, a family must have a child aged 24-96 months and receive less than half a minimum wage per capita. Participating families receive 1 litre of whole milk per day. RESULTS: In all, 1487 children had BMI-for-age and food insecurity data. Of these children, 376 (25·3 %) had excess weight, of whom 164 (11·0 %) presented with obesity, and only twenty-seven (1·8 %) were underweight; 76 % of the families had some degree of food insecurity. Multivariable analysis revealed no overall association between household food insecurity and weight status. In the specific comparison, children living in severe food insecurity were less likely to present obesity than those children living in food security (prevalence ratio = 0·60; 95 % CI 0·38, 0·96; P = 0·03). CONCLUSIONS: In a socially vulnerable population that participates in a FAP, there was no overall association between food insecurity and weight status in children, a result which is similar to what is observed in more developed contexts.

Use of low-level laser therapy on children aged 1 to 5 years with energy-protein malnutrition: A clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Episodes of malnutrition in early childhood can produces alterations in the salivary glands. The investigation of mechanisms that can reduce the impact of malnutrition on the defenses of the organism is of the utmost important and interest to public health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of low-level laser on the saliva of children aged 1 to 5 years with energy-protein malnutrition. METHODS: Mandatory inclusion criteria are diagnosis of malnutrition. The sample will consist of 50 men and women malnourished children aged 12 to 71 months. Saliva will be collected and the volume of saliva will be measured and the salivary flow rate will be determined (mL/min). Concentrations of salivary IgA in all samples will be measured using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Low-level laser (laser diode) will be administered in the region of the parotid glands bilaterally as well as in the regions of the submandibular and sublingual glands. DISCUSSION: This study will be the first that investigate the effects of local laser therapy on the salivary glands of malnourished children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical.trials.gov as NCT03355313, first received in 21 November 2017.

Dental health knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward dental health education in Maceió, Brazil

Objective:To evaluate the levels of knowledge and attitudes toward oral health of preschool teachers of Maceió, Alagoas. Material and Methods:Cross-sectional study using a pretested structured questionnaire (32 teachersequivalent to 20% of the sample) applied to 140 teachers of Child Day Care Centers of Maceió. To assess the level of information of survey participants (dependent variable), frequency from 0 to 49.99% of correct answers of questions proposed was considered unsatisfactory knowledge; 50 to 70% as reasonable knowledge and above 70% as satisfactory knowledge. Independent variables were age, sex, educational level, marital status and children. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software 17.0 and presented as descriptive statistics and Logistic Regression (p < 0.05%). Results:The level of knowledge of teachers on the etiology of caries was unsatisfactory, because although 90% reported that sugar is responsible for the decay process, only 3.6% reported that its excessive consumption is the responsible for the emergence of the disease; the level of knowledge for periodontal disease was unsatisfactory, since only 32.1% correctly answered the meaning of plaque. Teachers over 40 years and with children are more likely to have satisfactory knowledge regarding oral health and 88.6% of these professionals have already conducted some activity related to the theme. Conclusion:Although most teachers have done oral health activities, the level of knowledge of teachers about the etiology of caries and periodontal disease was considered unsatisfactory, therefore further clarification in oral health is need so that teachers could act as agents in oral health promotion

Perfil socioeconômico, nutricional e de ingestão alimentar de beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família / Socioeconomic, nutritional and dietary intake of beneficiaries of Bolsa Família Program

Foram estudados beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família de Maceió (AL) e encontrada alta prevalência de desnutrição nas crianças (18 por cento) e adolescentes (20 por cento); mas excesso de peso nos adultos (51 por cento). As mulheres beneficiárias tiveram quatro vezes mais chance de ter obesidade abdominal em relação aos outros adultos. A maioria das famílias (92 por cento) apresentou Insegurança Alimentar (IA), sendo em 33 por cento grave. Houve associação entre IA e maior número de pessoas na casa e desemprego. Entre as obesas houve aumento no consumo de alimentos ricos em carboidratos e lipídios em relação à outra população não beneficiária. Encontrou-se ingestão inadequada de cálcio, folato, vitamina E, magnésio, vitamina C, zinco, riboflavina, tiamina e fibra. Esses achados demonstram a necessidade de ações integradas entre políticas de educação/saúde e os programas de transferência de renda.(AU)

Perfil socioeconômico, nutricional e de ingestão alimentar de beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família / Socioeconomic, nutritional and dietary intake of beneficiaries of Bolsa Família Program

Foram estudados beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família de Maceió (AL) e encontrada alta prevalência de desnutrição nas crianças (18 por cento) e adolescentes (20 por cento); mas excesso de peso nos adultos (51 por cento). As mulheres beneficiárias tiveram quatro vezes mais chance de ter obesidade abdominal em relação aos outros adultos. A maioria das famílias (92 por cento) apresentou Insegurança Alimentar (IA), sendo em 33 por cento grave. Houve associação entre IA e maior número de pessoas na casa e desemprego. Entre as obesas houve aumento no consumo de alimentos ricos em carboidratos e lipídios em relação à outra população não beneficiária. Encontrou-se ingestão inadequada de cálcio, folato, vitamina E, magnésio, vitamina C, zinco, riboflavina, tiamina e fibra. Esses achados demonstram a necessidade de ações integradas entre políticas de educação/saúde e os programas de transferência de renda.

Efeito in situ do laser de CO2 na cárie do esmalte dentário adjacente às restaurações de resina composta / In situ effect of the CO2 laser on enamel caries adjacent to composite restorations

Esta pesquisa investigou in situ o efeito do laser de CO2 pulsado (λ= 10,6 11m) na redução da desmineralização do esmalte humano ao redor de restaurações de resina composta. O estudo duplo-cego, boca dividida, foi realizado em uma fase de 14 dias, na qual 14 voluntários utilizaram aparelhos palatinos com quatro blocos de esmalte dentário restaurados com resina composta, aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos: controle (sem irradiação) e irradiação com laser de CO2 no ângulo cavo-superficial da cavidade. Os voluntários usaram dentifrício fluoretado e gotejaram solução de sacarose a 20%, oito vezes ao dia, sobre os blocos dentários para aumentar o desafio cariogênico. A perda mineral foi quantificada pela análise de microdureza transversal nas distâncias de 25 e 50 11µm da margem da restauração e profundidades de 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 140 e 220 µm a partir da superfície do esmalte. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t e teste Tukey (p < 0,05). Na distância de 25 µm, houve diferença significativa na redução da desmineralização para as profundidades de 10, 20 e 40 µm e os valores de porcentagem de volume mineral foram 90,35:1:5,64; 89,24:1:3,66 e 90,87:1:4,31, respectivamente, para o grupo irradiado e 84,24±7,95; 85,75±7,60 e 88,69±5,44 para o grupo controle. Para a distância de 50 µm da margem da restauração, foi evidenciada diferença significativa entre o grupo irradiado com laser de CO2 na profundidade de 10 µm, com valor de porcentagem de volume mineral de 89,88±4,94 e de 87,54±5,53 para o grupo controle. Concluiu-se que a irradiação com laser de CO2 pulsado foi capaz de reduzir a desmineralização do esmalte ao redor de restaurações de resina composta.

This in situ study investigated the effect of a pulsed CO2 laser (1O.6µm) on the reduction of enamel demineralization around composite-resin restorations. During 14-day experimental period, 14 volunteers wore palatal appliances containing 4 human dental enamel slabs restored with a resin-based composite, which were assigned into 2 treatrnent groups: control (no irradiation) and CO2 laser irradiation on the cavosurface angle of cavity. A 20% sucrose solution was dripped onto the slabs 8x/day to increase the cariogenic challenge. Enamel mineral loss was assessed by cross-sectional microhardness analysis, at distances of 25 and 50 µm from the restoration margins and depths of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 140 e 220 µm from the enamel surface, The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). At 25 µm from the restoration, a significant difference on demineralization reduction was observed on depths of 10, 20 and 40 µm and the volume percentage mineral values were of 90.35±5.64, 89.24±3.66; 90.87±4.31, respectively, for the CO2 laser irradiation group and 84.24±7.95; 85.75±7.60; 88.69±5.44 for the control group. At 50 µm from the restoration, a significant difference on the reduction of caries was observed between the CO2 laser irradiation group and the control group on depth of 10 µm, and the volume percentage mineral values were of 89.88±4.94 for the CO2 laser irradiation group, and 87.54±5.53 for the control group. In condusion, the irradiation of a pulsed CO2 laser was able to reduce the enamel demineralization on cavity margins around composite restorations.

Prosthodontic treatment of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with complete anodontia: case report.

The hereditary condition known as ectodermal dysplasia is characterized by the absence or defect of 2 or more ectodermally derived structures. A case of a 6-year-old child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with complete anodontia is presented. Common dental, oral, and physical conditions were taken into consideration. Clinical management consisted of removable complete dentures to improve psychologic development and to promote better functioning of the stomatognathic system.

Estudo preliminar do instrumento de avaliação clínico proposto aos alunos de / Preliminary study of a clinical evaluation instrument for the pediatric dentistry

Nos dias atuais a relação ensino aprendizado vem sendo analisada em suas áreas de domínio cognitivo e habilidades, produzindo reflexões sobre o resultado final do aprendizado, porém não há um método científico que forneça, de forma objetiva e padronizada, procedimentos de avaliação. O objetivo desse estudo preliminar foi elaborar, aplicar e analisar um instrumento de avaliação clínico (IA), o qual se propôs a desenvolver o interesse de docentes, discentes e pós-gra-duandos, tendo por base o acompanhamento diário do desempenho do aluno de graduação nas atividades clínicas na área de Odontopediatria, durante o sexto semestre da graduação. Para isso, elaborou-se um sistema de avaliação tendo por base a instituição de valores numéricos aos procedimentos clínicos realizados avaliando o aluno sob os aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos. Ao final do semestre para coletar a opinião dos alunos a respeito do IA, estes responderam a um questionário auto-administrado. Concluiu-se que o IA padronizou a avaliação e permitiu a visão geral das atividades clínicas e do desempenho dos alunos e que ajustes na metodologia inicialmente proposta devem ser realizados para se padronizar com maior eficácia o IA. A participação dos alunos foi relevante, pois as críticas construtivas puderam contribuir para o aprimoramento desta nova proposta de avaliação na clínica odontopediátrica.